Start here · Essential guide
Bitcoin Supply Explained: Issuance, Scarcity and the 21 Million Cap
How Bitcoin's 21 million coin limit works, how new coins are issued through block rewards, and why a fixed supply does not by itself determine price.
Market Fundamentals
Supply and Halving
How fixed supply, issuance and halvings relate to price discussions.
Circulating Supply vs Total Supply vs Max Supply
Definitions of circulating, total and maximum supply, how each is calculated, and why price trackers and data sites often show different numbers for the same coin.
Halving History: What Happened Around Past Halvings
A factual look at the four Bitcoin halvings so far, with dates, reward changes and the market context around each, without suggesting any pattern will repeat.
Inflation Rate of Bitcoin Compared With Fiat Currencies
How to measure Bitcoin's supply growth as a percentage, how it compares with money supply growth in fiat currencies, and why the comparison has limits.
Lost Coins and Their Effect on Effective Supply
How bitcoin becomes inaccessible, how analysts estimate lost coins, and why those estimates are uncertain when people argue about real scarcity.
Satoshis and Divisibility: How Small Units Work
How a bitcoin divides into 100 million satoshis, why prices are still quoted per whole coin, and how small units work in practice for everyday amounts.
Stock-to-Flow Models and Their Criticisms
What the stock-to-flow model claims about Bitcoin, how the ratio is built, and the statistical and economic reasons many analysts doubt it as a price guide.
Transaction Fees as Miners Future Income
How transaction fees relate to the shrinking block subsidy, why fee income is uncertain, and what the open questions are about paying for Bitcoin's security.
What the Bitcoin Halving Is and How It Works
A clear explanation of the Bitcoin halving: the 210,000-block schedule, how the reward is cut in code, what changes for miners, and what stays the same.
Why Halvings Are Not a Price Guarantee
Why price moves near Bitcoin halvings do not prove cause and effect, what else changed in each period, and how to think about popular claims in a careful way.
Related topics
More in market fundamentals
Price Drivers What moves crypto prices, from cycles and history to market cap and news. Volatility and Trends Why prices swing and how trends are described. Macro and Regulation How policy, rates and law enter crypto price discussions. Altcoins and Token Economics Understanding how coins other than Bitcoin differ and how tokens are designed.